Jean-Hugues Barthélémy argues that Gilbert Simondon’s philosophy remains crucial because it understands life and technology through the concept of individuation rather than through fixed substances or rigid human-centred categories. The central claim is that the living being is not a completed entity but a continual process of genesis, constantly forming itself through relations with its milieu. For Simondon, life cannot be reduced either to mechanism or to vitalism: it must be understood as a dynamic process in which physical, biological, psychic, social, and technical realities emerge through different orders of individuation. Barthélémy emphasises that Simondon challenges the “anthropological break” by refusing to separate humanity absolutely from the living; instead, culture, technics, and social life arise from nature itself. The discussion of adaptation is especially important: adaptation does not occur between an already-formed organism and an already-given environment, because both organism and milieu are produced through action and relation. Barthélémy also connects Simondon’s thought to contemporary biology, especially theories of information, organisation, apoptosis, and permanent ontogenesis. The case of cellular death illustrates how life includes death within its own constructive processes, since destruction can participate in development, renewal, and individuation. The conclusion is that Simondon’s philosophy provides a non-anthropological framework for thinking life and technology together: living beings, technical objects, and cultures are not isolated substances but relational processes of becoming.


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